Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Article Title: Neuregulin 4 Downregulation Alters Mitochondrial Morphology and Induces Oxidative Stress in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes
doi: 10.3390/ijms252111718
Figure Lengend Snippet: Mitochondrial morphology is altered in Nrg4 KD adipocytes. ( a ) Expression of optic atrophy 1 ( Opa1 ) and mitofusin 2 ( Mfn2 ) in scrambled (Scr) and Nrg4 knockdown (KD) adipocytes at day 7 (D7) of differentiation (n = 6). QPCR data were normalized to Scr adipocyte expression at D7. ( b ) Quantification and representative Western blot of MFN2 and OPA1 in Scr and Nrg4 KD adipocytes at D7 (n = 3). Each lane represents an independent experiment. ( c ) Mitochondrial micrographs of Scr and Nrg4 KD adipocytes at D7. Images were taken with a Leica TCS-SPE confocal microscopy (×63). Mitochondria were stained with the MitoTracker TM red probe. ( d ) Quantification of adipocytes at D7 with elongated (>4 μm), fragmented (1–4 μm), and condensed (<1 μm) mitochondrial network. The percentage over a total of 10 adipocytes is represented. ( e ) Quantification and representative blot of MFN2 and TIM44 in non-treated and bafilomycin A1 (Baf)-treated Scr and Nrg4 KD adipocytes at D7 (n = 3). Adipocytes were starved for 2 h with EBSS media without serum. Cells were then treated with 200 nM Baf for 2 h. Each lane represents an independent experiment. Data are mean ± SEM; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and ns (not significant).
Article Snippet: Calf serum (#16170078), fetal bovine serum (FBS) (#10270106), penicillin/streptomycin (#15140122), EBSS media (#24010043), and puromycin (#A1113803) were purchased from Gibco (Tavarnuzze, Italy).
Techniques: Expressing, Knockdown, Western Blot, Confocal Microscopy, Staining